Source: Based on J.B. Miner and N.R. Smith, "Decline and Stabilization of Managerial Motivation Over a 20-Year Period," Journal of Applied Psychology, June 1982, pp. 297-305; and J.B. Miner, B. Ebrahimi, and J.M. Wachtel, "How Deficiencies in Motivation to Manage Contribute to the United States' Competitiveness Problem (and What Can Be Done About It)," Human Resource Management, Fall 1995, pp. 363-86.
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